A recent study conducted by researchers at the University of Oxford has found that triptan drugs, which are designed specifically to treat migraine episodes, may be more effective for managing migraine-related symptoms than newer, costlier medications. Despite their effectiveness, triptans are currently underused, with less than 22 percent of migraine cases utilizing these drugs.
The study, which analyzed 137 double-blind, randomized controlled trials conducted worldwide since 1991, compared the efficacy of 17 oral medications in treating migraines. The results revealed that triptans, such as eletriptan, were the most effective for pain relief at the two-hour mark, followed by other triptans like rizatriptan, sumatriptan, and zolmitriptan. Additionally, eletriptan and ibuprofen were found to be the most effective drugs for sustained pain relief up to 24 hours.
In contrast, newer drugs called ditans and gepants, which were developed to offer alternative treatments to triptans and avoid cardiovascular risks, were not found to be more effective in relieving migraine symptoms than paracetamol and NSAIDs. These drugs also carried a higher risk of side effects, such as nausea, and should be considered "third-line options" according to the researchers.
While the study provides valuable insights into the efficacy of different migraine medications, it is important to note that the treatment of migraines is a personal and individualized process. As co-author Elena Ruiz de la Torre at the European Migraine and Headache Alliance emphasizes, "Migraine is a very personal disease," and the best treatment approach may vary for each individual.
Overall, the study highlights the importance of considering low-cost triptans as a first-line treatment for migraine relief, while also recognizing the need for personalized treatment approaches based on individual patient needs and preferences.