A recent twin study on fussy eaters has shed light on the genetic factors behind picky eating habits in children. The study, conducted by researchers from UCL, King’s College London, and the University of Leeds, found that fussy eating tendencies are largely influenced by genetics rather than parenting styles.
The study compared the eating habits of identical and non-identical twins from 16 months to 13 years old to determine the extent of genetic and environmental influences on food preferences. Identical twins were found to be much more similar in their food preferences compared to non-identical twins, indicating a strong genetic component.
Despite the genetic influence on fussy eating, the researchers emphasized that strategies to increase the variety of foods children eat can still be beneficial, especially in early childhood. Offering a range of foods and creating a positive eating environment were highlighted as effective techniques to encourage children to try new foods.
The study also found that genetic differences accounted for about 60% of the variation in food fussiness at 16 months, increasing to 74% between the ages of three and 13. Factors at home, such as family meal routines, were identified as significant influences on food preferences, particularly for toddlers.
While fussy eating is common, excessive selective eating can be a symptom of avoidant and restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID), a serious eating disorder that may require specialist support. Parents of children with ARFID shared their experiences, highlighting the challenges of dealing with a child's aversion to certain foods.
Moving forward, researchers suggest that future studies could focus on non-western populations to explore how cultural factors and food security may impact food preferences and eating habits. The study was funded by the UK mental health charity MQ Mental Health Research and involved mostly white British households from wealthier backgrounds than the general population of England and Wales.