A recent study published in JAMA Oncology suggests that glucagon-like peptide receptor agonists (GLP-1s), a class of drugs commonly used to treat type 2 diabetes and obesity, may also reduce the risk of developing certain types of cancers. The research, based on analysis of electronic health records of 1.7 million U.S. patients over a 15-year period, found that GLP-1RAs were associated with a significant risk reduction for 10 different cancers compared to insulin.
Popular drugs in this class include Ozempic, Wegovy, Mounjaro, Victoza, and Trulicity, among others. The study showed a reduced risk for obesity-associated cancers such as esophageal, colorectal, endometrial, gallbladder, kidney, liver, ovarian, and pancreatic cancers, as well as meningioma and multiple myeloma, in patients taking GLP-1RAs. However, there was a higher risk of kidney cancers compared to patients on metformin, though lower than those on insulin.
It is important to note that the study was observational in nature and cannot establish cause and effect relationships. While GLP-1RAs have been associated with numerous health benefits beyond diabetes and weight loss control, including potential protection against various cancers, there are still uncertainties regarding their full impact on cancer risk and other health conditions.
The findings of this study contribute to the growing body of research highlighting the potential benefits of GLP-1RAs in treating a range of health issues. As insurers, employers, and public health providers face pressure to cover these medications despite supply shortages and cost concerns, further research and monitoring of patients taking GLP-1RAs will be crucial to fully understand their effects on cancer risk and other health outcomes.