A recent statement from the American Heart Association underscores the critical connection between heart health and cognitive decline, particularly in relation to dementia. The statement emphasizes the need to prioritize heart health from childhood to midlife in order to potentially prevent dementia later in life.
According to the American Heart Association, three common cardiovascular diseases - heart failure, atrial fibrillation, and coronary heart disease - have been found to significantly raise the risk of cognitive impairment and dementia. Taking proactive measures to protect heart health and prevent disease should ideally begin early in life, even during childhood.
The AHA statement highlights the intricate relationship between the heart and the brain, noting that they are not separate organ systems but rather interdependent, especially when it comes to disease pathogenesis. Fernando D. Testai, MD, PhD, Chair of the statement writing group, points out that heart disease can impact the brain by increasing the risk of stroke or reducing cardiac output, while certain neuroanatomic areas affected by stroke can lead to cardiac abnormalities.
The statement also delves into the specific ways in which heart health affects cognition, with around 43% of people with heart failure experiencing some form of cognitive impairment, and individuals with atrial fibrillation facing a 39% increased risk of cognitive problems. Additionally, coronary heart disease has been linked to a 27% higher risk of developing dementia, with up to 50% of heart attack patients experiencing cognitive decline.
While the exact mechanisms behind how heart health impacts cognition are not fully understood, researchers believe factors such as chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and genetic predisposition may play a role. The statement also includes recommendations for protecting heart and brain health, emphasizing the importance of managing cardiovascular risk factors such as high cholesterol, hypertension, and obesity.
Overall, the AHA statement stresses the importance of starting prevention efforts early in life to minimize the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases and cognitive decline. By adopting healthy habits from childhood, individuals may have a better chance of preventing heart disease and cognitive impairment in the future.